Here are the rubrics I've used for some of my favorite assignments over the past couple of years, which should also give you a sense of the directions I give. You can find further descriptions on my syllabi. Feel free to adapt these to your own purposes or email me about sample exams, further implementation details, etc.
Oral case analysis (based on work by Mark Wells & this piece by Éireann Lorsung, developed & implemented in collaboration w/ WashU PhD student James Shearer)
I implement this by giving students a short, novel "case" to analyze on the spot, with a block of time set aside for them to think and write down notes after they receive their case selection and before the conversation begins. I also let them opt to complete exams solo or in pairs and, if paired, select their own partners. Next time I do this, I'll probably include a concept pool and add concept IDs to the rubric (see below).
Oral exam with concept IDs & discussion questions (based on same resources as above)
I implement this by providing a pool of concept IDs and discussion questions and draw a subset of these for each student's exam. I've occasionally also paired this with a choice of case analysis provided to students in advance.
Book club reading notes, discussion, and presentation (based on this piece by Ignacio M. Sánchez Prado & conversations with Anya Plutynski)
Lab notebook entries and check in (adapted from Ryan Cordell’s Commonplace Book assignment)